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The capital city of Udmurt republic: Izhevsk.
Udmurt Republic (also spelled Udmurtia, Udmurtiya) is situated between Vyatka and Kama rivers (Volga Federal District). Udmurts are the native people of the region. About 2/3 of all Udmurts are living in their Republic. The capital city of the region is Izhevsk.
Udmurt Republic population - 1,529,000 (2009); land area - 42,100 sq. km.
Udmurtia Republic is located in the western part of Middle Urals, in the basins of Kama and Vyatka rivers. The territory consists of a number of hills and lowlands. Udmurtia is located in the area with inner continental climate with hot summers and cold snowy winters. The average temperature in a year is from 1 to 2,5 degs C. The warmest month is July (17 degs C above zero), the coldest - January (14-15 degs C below zero).
The main natural resource of Udmurt republic is oil. Prospected industrial oil resources are about 300 million tons, 10 million tons is extracted every year. Udmurtia is a part of Volga-Ural oil and gas bearing province. Oil-prospecting on its territory began in 1945, the first plants came into being in 1969.
At present all large deposits have been worked for dozens of years and oil extraction is decreasing. Brown coal and coals are mined in the republic. There are also deposits of limestone, dolomites, sands and detritus, clay for brick-making, stone and sandy gravel mixture.
Udmurtia republic nature
Udmurt region landscape
Udmurtia Russia republic winter
The most ancient archeological monuments are the evidences of Udmurtia territory being inhabited in Mesolithic epoch (8,000-5,000 B.C.). In later archeological periods ancient Finno-Ugric population was differentiating in western Urals. In early iron period Ananyinskaya cultural and historical community was formed in the Kama area. These were the ancestors of the Perm people - the Udmurts and the Komis.
In the 10th century the ancient Udmurts were joined to the first state in the lower Kama area - Volzhskaya Bulgaria. It was a great influence on the Udmurts. From 13th century the southern Udmurts were influenced by the Golden Horde and later Kazan khanate. The site of ancient settlement Idnakar was the largest trade, cultural and administrative center of the northern Udmurts retaining their independence.
The first Russian settlements came into being on the Vyatka river in the 12th-13th centuries. The northern territory of Udmurtia became the part of the Russian state being formed. By 1557 after Ivan the Terrible conquered Kazan the process of joining the Udmurts to the Russian state was over.
Till the mid of 18th century the population of Udmurtia was busy preferably in agriculture and handicrafts. In 1756 the first plant was constructed - Bemyzhsky copper-melting, later iron-producing ones - Pudemsky and Votkinsky (1759), Izhevsky (1760) and Kambarsky (1761).
The industry and culture of the region rapidly developed in the second half of 19th century. Private factories, workshops, banks, gymnasiums, schools, theatres and libraries were opened. The plants of the region exhibited their product at the large Russian and foreign exhibitions. In 1899 railways Perm-Kotlas and Kazan-Yekaterinburg crossed the northern part of Udmurtia and in early 20th century - the southern part. These railways played a considerable part in economic development of the region. Before the Great October Socialist Revolution the territory of Udmurtia was a part of Kazan and Vyatskaya gubernias.
Votskaya Autonomous oblast was formed on November 4th, 1920. On January 1st, 1932, it was renamed into Udmurtskaya Autonomous oblast. Votskaya Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was formed on December 28th, 1934. Due to its favorable geological and political location Udmurtia turned into a large military and industrial center of the country in 20th century.
During the World War II about 40 plants were evacuated to Udmurtia. National and state structure of the region and its defense-oriented industry continue to greatly determine historical, social, economical and cultural peculiarity of Udmurt Republic.
On November 4th, 1990, the Supreme Soviet of Udmurtskaya ASSR declared the sovereignty of the republic and the region received new name - The Republic of Udmurtia. According to the Constitution adopted in 1994, Udmurtia is a state within the Russian Federation.
Udmurt republic village view
Udmurtia region pond
Udmurt republic scenery
Udmurtia is the republic with the developed industry and agriculture with various branches. The concentration of military plants in Udmurtia is the highest in Russia. The main industries in Udmurtia are as follows: machine-building, metal-working, ferrous metallurgy and wood-processing industries. Metallurgical plants are concentrated in Izhevsk, casting production - in Izhevsk and Votkinsk.
Arable fields occupy about 50% of the territory of Udmurtia. Cattle-, sheep- and pig-breeding, poultry keeping are developed. Rye, wheat, buckwheat, barley, oats, millet, peas, maize, sun-flower, flax, rape, vegetables and forage grains are grown.
The only airport of Udmurtia republic is located in Izhevsk. Railway transportation is the leading one in providing interregional links of the region. Railway delivers the main part of freight and passengers.
There are several sanatoriums and curing resorts in Udmurtia republic, the largest of them are “Varzi-Yatchi”, “Metallurg” (located in Izhevsk) and “Uva”. In 2000s new recreation centers came into being - mountain skiing centers “Chekeril” and “Nechkino”.
Udmurt region village scenery
Udmurtia republic village
Udmurtia Russia republic road
Udmurt republic wooden church
Udmurt region wooden church
Udmurtia republic cathedral
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