Federal Districts: North West | Central | Volga | South | North Caucasus | Ural | Siberia | Far East
The capital city of Khabarovsk krai.
Khabarovsk, the administrative center of Khabarovsk Krai, is one of the largest industrial, transport, cultural, educational, and scientific centers of the Far East of Russia. This city is located at the intersection of international railway and air transport routes on the right bank of the Amur River, near the border with China.
The population of Khabarovsk is about 613,500 (2022), the area - 383 sq. km.
The phone code - +7 4212, the postal codes - 680000-680150.
Until the mid-19th century, the territory of present-day Khabarovsk, in accordance with the Nerchinsk Treaty, was located on a neutral territory, not delimited between the Qing Empire (China) and the Russian Empire. In 1858, the Aigun Treaty was signed, according to which the entire left bank of the Amur River passed into the possession of the Russian Empire, the right bank of the Amur to the Ussuri River became part of China.
After signing the treaty, the 13th Siberian Line Battalion was sent to establish settlements along the Amur. One of the new settlements was named Khabarovka - in honor of Yerofey Khabarov, a 17th-century Russian explorer known for his attempts to colonize this region for Russia. In 1864, the first plan for the development of the future town was made. By 1865, there were 1,294 residents in Khabarovka - mostly soldiers and officers.
Initially, only military buildings were constructed in Khabarovka. Five years after the foundation, there were already 167 buildings in the settlement including the house of the commander, barracks, warehouses, residential buildings, and trading shops. Due to its very convenient location at the confluence of the Amur and Ussuri rivers, Khabarovka began to develop very quickly.
Following the military settlers, civilians began to arrive from all parts of the Russian Empire including Moscow and St. Petersburg. At that time, their main occupations were hunting, fur trade, and fishing. The settlers were provided with free fertile land, which also contributed to the influx of new residents to Khabarovka.
In 1873, the first elementary school was opened in Khabarovka. The Russo-Chinese treaty of 1881 allowed duty-free trade in the 50-kilometer land border zone and the goods of Chinese and English manufacturers could be bought half cheaper here.
By 1880, Khabarovka was already a rather large settlement of Primorsky Oblast with a population of 2,036 people (47.3% - military, 23% - bourgeois, 21.3% - foreigners (mainly Chinese workers), 1.4% - representatives of the indigenous population, and 7% - officers, clergy, merchants, industrialists).
At that time, the capital of Primorsky Oblast was Nikolayevsk (today’s Nikolayevsk-on-Amur), but Khabarovka had a more advantageous geographical position, as it was located at the crossroads of all communication lines from Vladivostok and the coast. In 1880, Khabarovka became the center of Primorsky Oblast and transformed into a town. In 1893, the town was renamed Khabarovsk.
In 1894, the Amur (Khabarovsk) department of the Russian Geographical Society was created with a museum (the Khabarovsk Regional Museum of Local Lore) and a library. In 1895, the first vocational technical school was opened - the railway school of the Ministry of Railways. During these years, a lot of stone houses were built in Khabarovsk. Most of them are preserved in the city to this day.
In 1897, the first train departed from the Khabarovsk railway station. The Ussuri Railway connected Khabarovsk with Vladivostok. The population of the town was about 14,900 people.
In 1916, the construction of a railway bridge over the Amur was completed and Khabarovsk was connected by the Amur Railway with Eastern Siberia.
November 14, 1922, after the liquidation of the Far Eastern Republic, Khabarovsk became part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. On December 6, 1923, the administrative center of the Russian Far East was transferred to Khabarovsk from Chita. In 1925, the railway bridge over the Amur was restored.
On January 4, 1926, Far Eastern Krai was formed with its center in Khabarovsk. The population of the city was about 52 thousand people. On October 23, 1934, the Far Eastern Agricultural Research Institute was established in Khabarovsk. In 1936, Khabarovsk was connected by rail with Komsomolsk-on-Amur.
By 1939, the population of Khabarovsk increased to 200 thousand people. From June 1940, the command of the Far Eastern Front was deployed in Khabarovsk. From August 1945, the headquarters of the High Command of Soviet Forces in the Far East and the command of the 1st Far Eastern Front were stationed in the city.
On March 16, 1946, the Khabarovsk Drama Theater was created. In 1949, a trial was held in Khabarovsk in the case of former members of the Japanese Kwantung Army. The most significant changes in the city occurred in the post-war decades.
In 1960, the Khabarovsk television studio began broadcasting. On October 24, 1964, the Khabarovsk Shipyard produced the first “Rocket”, a famous Soviet hydrofoil ship. On September 1, 1967, the Khabarovsk Institute of Physical Education (the Far Eastern State Academy of Physical Culture) was opened. On September 1, 1968, the Khabarovsk State Institute of Arts and Culture was opened.
In 1975, the population of Khabarovsk was about 502,000 people. By 1990, Khabarovsk was formed as a multifunctional economic center of national importance. The population reached its maximum of 616 thousand people.
In May 2000, federal districts were formed in the Russian Federation. Khabarovsk became the center of the Far Eastern Federal District. In 2008, the railway station was completely renovated. In 2009, the reconstruction of the bridge across the Amur was finished. In late summer - early fall of 2013, Khabarovsk was affected by flooding, which became the strongest over the entire observation period since 1897.
On December 13, 2018, the center of the Far Eastern Federal District was moved from Khabarovsk to Vladivostok.
Pre-revolutionary architecture in Khabarovsk
Lenin Square in Khabarovsk
Khabarovsk cityscape
Khabarovsk is often considered the capital of the Russian Far East. The city is located in Asia, in the southern part of the Central Amur Lowland, near the confluence of the Amur and Ussuri rivers, about 17 km from the border with China. The city stands on the elevated right bank of the Amur River, the relief of which is diverse and complex.
The distance from Moscow to Khabarovsk by roads is about 8,250 km, to Vladivostok - 750 km. About half of the population of Khabarovsk Krai lives in this city. Khabarovsk is a bit similar to the large cities of the Volga region. Here you can see similar new buildings wedging chaotically into the cityscape and an abundance of pre-revolutionary architecture.
Although Khabarovsk can’t boast of Vladivostok’s seaside flavor or all-Russian sights, it’s still worth coming here, and to some extent this is inevitable: all routes of the Khabarovsk region converge here.
The climate in Khabarovsk is temperate monsoon, with snowy cold winters and hot humid summers. The average temperature in January is minus 20.5 degrees Celsius, in July - plus 21.8 degrees Celsius. The number of sunny days per year is significantly higher than in a number of large cities of Russia (up to 300 days a year; in Moscow and St. Petersburg - about 100).
From November to March, very dry and frosty continental air with clear and sunny weather is established over the city. The best time to visit Khabarovsk is June and September when the weather is not too hot.
Khabarovsk is a major hub at the junction of water, air, rail, and road communications from the north and west of the country, Primorye, Sakhalin, and the ports of Khabarovsk Krai. The Trans-Siberian Railway passes through the city, as well as the railway line to Komsomolsk-on-Amur. This city is the connecting point of the federal highways “Amur” (Chita - Khabarovsk), “Ussuri” (Khabarovsk - Vladivostok), and Khabarovsk - Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Urban transport includes trams, trolleybuses, buses, minibuses, and taxis.
The international airport “Novy” offers regular flights to Moscow, Yekaterinburg, Vladivostok, Yakutsk, Novosibirsk, Irkutsk, Magadan, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Seoul (South Korea), Tokyo (Japan).
The design of the Russian 5,000 rubles banknote features Khabarovsk. On its front side you can see the monument to Muravyov-Amursky (the founder of Khabarovsk and Vladivostok) on the background of the embankment of the Amur River. The Khabarovsk bridge over the Amur is depicted on the back of the banknote. At the time of construction, in 1916, it was one of the longest bridges in the world and was called “The Amur Miracle”.
The fork-shaped cross depicted on the coat of arms of Khabarovsk symbolizes the location of the city at the confluence of the Amur and Ussuri rivers. Fish reminds of the main occupation of the first residents - fishing. The white-breasted bear and the Amur tiger are endemic to the Amur land.
Khabarovsk Regional Museum named after Nikolai Grodekov. The expositions of this museum feature exhibits on the paleontology and geology of the Amur Region, the flora and fauna of the Far East, the fish of the Amur basin, the culture of the indigenous peoples of the Amur region and Russian settlers, the history of the development of the Russian Far East, the events of the Civil War in the Far East (1917-1922). The museum building (1896) is a monument of architecture, culture, and history of federal significance. Shevchenko Street, 11.
Amur (Khabarovsk) Cliff - the most beautiful place in the city located in the center of Admiral Gennady Nevelsky Embankment running along the Amur River bank, near the Khabarovsk Regional Museum. In 1858, a military detachment led by commander Yakov Dyachenko landed here. He decided to set up his camp here, which later became a military settlement, and even later - the village of Khabarovka.
Here you can find a good observation deck with beautiful views of the Amur River and the city. Nearby, there is a park with the famous monument to the Governor-General of Eastern Siberia Muravyov-Amursky. This monument is depicted on the Russian banknote of 5,000 rubles. Shevchenko Street, 15.
The Far Eastern Art Museum - the largest museum of fine art in the Russian Far East. The collection of this museum has about 16 thousand works of art of the Old Russian, Russian pre-revolutionary, Soviet, and modern periods. Here you can also see the Far Eastern and Western European fine art, the art of the peoples of the Amur Region, works of Russian icon painting of the 15th-20th centuries. Shevchenko Street, 7.
Military History Museum of the Far Eastern Military District. The museum exhibits documents, photographs, banners of all periods of the history of the Far Eastern Military District, starting with the Russian Civil War in the Far East and to our time. In the courtyard, there is an exhibition of military equipment. Shevchenko Street, 20.
Khabarovsk Assumption Cathedral - the first stone building and one of the largest churches in Khabarovsk. The original building was demolished in 1930. In 2002, the cathedral was restored according to a new architectural project in the Russian style with some eclectic features. The new cathedral as a whole differs from the original building, but has some of its elements. In particular, the shapes of the arches and domes of the new cathedral were taken from the old version. Sobornaya (Komsomolskaya) Square.
Khabarovsk Bridge (“The Amur Miracle”) - one of the main symbols of Khabarovsk. The construction of this bridge completed the Trans-Siberian Railway in 1916. This bridge is depicted on the Russian 5,000 Rubles banknote. In the 1990s, the bridge was reconstructed, its old openwork spans were dismantled. Nearby, you can find the Museum of the History of the Amur Bridge with the last preserved span of the original design.
Lenin Square - the central and most picturesque square in Khabarovsk. In size, it is second only to Red Square in Moscow. It is framed by buildings of various styles of architecture, size, and number of storeys. There are beautiful fountains, well-groomed flower beds, and trimmed lawns here.
Severny Park - a cascade of three small but very picturesque ponds. In the middle of the green lawns and trees there are small arbors, as well as a snow-white wedding palace. Nearby, you can see the Church of Seraphim of Sarov. Kakhovskaya Street, 1.
Church of St. Seraphim of Sarov in Khabarovsk
Assumption Cathedral in Khabarovsk
Transfiguration Cathedral in Khabarovsk
Lenin Monument in Khabarovsk
ask a question about Khabarovsk city to our Expert
contact us by email, if you have any proposals
Rate this page:
The comments of our visitors