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The capital city of Kaluga oblast: Kaluga.
Kaluga oblast (other spelling Kaluzhskaya) is a federal subject of Russia, part of Central Federal District situated about 94 km west of Moscow. Administrative center and capital city is Kaluga.
Kaluga oblast population is about 1,001,000 (2009) on the territory of 29,800 sq. km.
The climate in Kaluzhskaya oblast is of moderate continental type with distinctly defined seasons: moderate hot and humid summers and moderate cold winters with steady snow. The average temperature in July is 18 degs C above zero, in January 9 degs C below zero. The warm period (with temperatures above zero) lasts 215-220 days.
Kaluga oblast was formed in 1944. Previously it was the part of Tula oblast. The urban population of Kaluga region is about 765,000 (76%). The dominating nation is Russian (97%).
Main cities of the region are Kaluga, Obninsk, Ludinovo, Maloyaroslavets, Balabanovo, Kozelsk.
Kaluga oblast structure of economy is common for central part of European Russia. Industry takes about 40% of Kaluga oblast GDP, agriculture - 11%.
Main industries of the region are machine building, metal-working, food and timber. Obninsk is first Russian science specialized city (naukograd) of nuclear power, outer space machinery and radio equipment researches.
Main transportation junctures of the region are Kaluga, Obninsk and Sukhinichi cities. Main highway of the region is M3 “Ukraine”, with intense traffic - 13,800 automobiles per hour, it stretches through the cities Balabanovo, Obninsk, near Maloyaroslavets, Kaluga, Sukhinichi and Zhizdra.
The federal highway A101 Moscow - Warsaw (“Old Polish”, “Warsaw”) is of great importance, with traffic intensity to 11,500 automobiles an hour. Besides, the highway P132 Vyazma - Kaluga - Tula - Ryazan with traffic intensity to 6,750 automobiles an hour is of regional importance as well as the part of A108 going through the city of Balabanovo. The total length of highways is 6,564 km. The density of highways is 165 km per 1,000 sq. km.
The main railway is Moscow - Kiev. There are 4 airports in the region, among them one civil airport “Grabtsevo” near Kaluga, military airports in the towns of Yermolino and a large military airport in Shaikovka.
The part of the river Oka flowing from Kaluga is among Russian waterways, there are cruises from Serpukhov to Tarusa, to Velegozh, two ships “Luch” serve the line Kaluga - Alexin. The total length of navigable and conditionally navigable waterways is 101 km.
Of special importance is the express train Moscow - Kaluga (3 departures a day, time of trip - 2 hours and 40 minutes). The city transportation in Kaluga is remarkable for its trolley-bus system.
The region is crossed by gas main Moscow - Bryansk, in the settlement of Rezvan, where the Ugra flows into the Oka, there is an underground gas depository.
Kaluga oblast nature
Kaluga oblast field
Kaluga region scenery
Kaluga Russia oblast river
Kaluga oblast winter view
Kaluga region landscape
Kaluga region chapel
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